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OOPS: A toolkit supporting mediation techniques for resolving
ambiguity in recognition-based interfaces
Mankoff, Jennifer | Abowd, Gregory D | Hudson, Scott E
COMPUT GRAPHICS (PERGAMON). Vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 819-834. Dec. 2000
Recognition technologies are being used extensively in both
commercial and research systems. Recognizers are still error-prone
however, and this results in performance problems and brittle
dialogues, creating barriers to the acceptance and usefulness of
recognition systems. Better interfaces to systems using
recognition, which can help to reduce the burden of recognition
errors, are difficult to build because of lack of knowledge about
the ambiguity inherent in recognition. We present a survey of the
design of correction techniques in interfaces which make use of
recognizers. Based on this survey, we have created a user
interface toolkit, OOPS (organized option pruning system). OOPS
consists of a library of reusable error correction, or mediation,
techniques drawn from the survey, combined with necessary
architectural extensions to model and to provide structured
support for ambiguity at the input event level of a GUI toolkit.
The resulting infrastructure makes it easier for application
developers to support error handling, thus helping to reduce the
negative effects of recognition errors, and allowing us to explore
new types of interfaces for dealing with ambiguity.
 Descriptors: Graphical user interfaces | Computer systems programming | Data
reduction | Error correction
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