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Carbon dioxide disposal in carbonate minerals
Lackner, Klaus S | Wendt, Christopher H | Butt, Darryl P | Joyce,
Edward LJr | Sharp, David H
Energy (Oxford). Vol. 20, no. 11, pp. 1153-1170. 1995
We introduce a safe and permanent method of CO sub(2) disposal
based on combining CO sub(2) chemically with abundant raw
materials to form stable carbonate minerals. Substantial heat is
liberated in the overall chemical reaction so that cost will be
determined by the simplicity and speed of the reaction rather than
the cost of energy. Preliminary investigations have been conducted
on two types of processes, involving either direct carbonation of
minerals at high temperature or processing in aqueous solution.
Promising raw materials are identified in both cases. For aqueous
processing, a chemical cycle employing well-known reactions is
proposed for digesting and carbonating the raw material. Cost
estimates, based on comparison with standard industrial and mining
practice, are encouraging. Necessary raw materials are surveyed
and vast quantities are found to be easily accessible. Amounts are
sufficient to allow utilization of the large known fossil-fuel
reserves while avoiding build-up of atmospheric CO sub(2).
 Descriptors: Environmental Engineering | Carbon dioxide disposal | Fossil
fuel reserves | Carbonates | Carbonation | Energy utilization | Raw
materials | Fossil fuels
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