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ALBIOS: A Comparison of Aluminum Biogeochemistry in Forested
Watersheds Exposed to Acidic Deposition
Cronan, CS | Goldstein, RA
IN: Acidic Precipitation, Vol. 1: Case Studies. Advances in
Environmental Science. Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., New York.
1989. p 113-135. 11 fig, 7 tab, 27 ref. Electric Power Research
Institute Contract RP2365-01.
A case study of the broad interregional patterns of aluminum
toxicity and aluminum biogeochemistry in the forest landscapes of
North America and northern Europe is presented. Sulfur deposition
at the 14 ALBIOS (aluminum in the biosphere) study catchments
ranged 20-fold from approximately 4 kg S/ha-yr at the Experimental
Lakes Area, Ontario, to > 80 kg S/ha-yr at Solling, West Germany.
Two dominant geochemical patterns were observed in most
watersheds: (1) upper soil horizon and wetland zones characterized
by aluminum adsorption-desorption reactions on solid-phase humic
materials; and (2) mineral soil horizon and groundwater zones
dominated by aluminum solubility relationships with some form of
Al(OH)3. Much of the overall variation in aquo aluminum ion
activity could be explained on the basis of relatively simple
equilibrium pH-solubility and adsorption models. The ALBIOS
evidence indicated that the relationship between watershed inputs
of H2SO4 or HNO3 and outputs of soluble aluminum is not
necessarily simple and straightforward. However , for those
watersheds characterized by aluminum-saturated soils and low
retention of strong acid anions, increased concentrations and
fluxes of sulfate and nitrate in soil water were accompanied by
increased concentrations and fluxes of soluble aluminum, both on a
broad geographic basis and on a single catchment basis. The
toxicity thresholds for the sensitive and moderately sensitive
tree species were within range of the peak concentrations of
soluble aluminum observed in soil solutions at some of the
northern and European watersheds. Likewise, soluble aluminum
concentrations in many headwater streams were in excess of
toxicity thresholds for fish species like brown trout and brook
trout. As such, it is likely that aluminum toxicity serves as a
contributing stress factor in these kinds of northern watersheds.
(See also W91-07492) (Agostine-PTT)
 Descriptors: Acid rain | Acid rain effects | Acidification | Aluminum | Biogeochemistry | Case studies | Forest watersheds | Path of
pollutants | Air pollution | Comparison studies | Distribution
patterns | Fish | Geochemistry | Nitrates | Soil chemistry | Solute
transport | Streams | Subsurface water | Sulfates | Sulfur | Toxicity | Water chemistry | Wetlands
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