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The decline of submerged vascular plants in upper Chesapeake Bay:
Summary of results concerning possible causes.
Kemp, WM | Twilley, RR | Stevenson, JC | Boynton, WR | Means, JC Marine Technology Society Journal. Vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 78-89.
1983.
This paper provides a summary and synthesis of research conducted
to investigate possible causes of the decline in abundance of
submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in upper Chesapeake Bay
beginning in the late 1960s. Three factors were emphasized in this
study: runoff of agricultural herbicides; erosional inputs of
fine-grain sediments; and nutrient enrichment and associated algal
growth. Widespread use of herbicides in the estuarine watershed
occurred contemporaneous with the SAV loss; however, extensive
sampling of estuarine water and sediments during 1980-81 revealed
that typical bay concentrations of herbicides (primarily atrazine)
rarely exceeded 2 ppb. The results of the various experiments were
synthesized into an ecosystem simulation model which demonstrated
the relative potential contributions of the 3 factors to SAV
declines, where nutrients > sediments > herbicides. Other factors
and mechanisms are also discussed along with possible resource
managements options.
Descriptors: Article Subject Terms aquatic plants | ecological crisis | ecosystem
disturbance | erosion | herbicides | nutrients | nutrients (mineral) | pollution effects | population decline | seagrasses
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