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Unsafe sexual behaviour in South African youth
Eaton, L | Flisher, AJ | Aaroe, LE
Social Science and Medicine [Soc. Sci. Med.]. Vol. 56, no. 1, pp.
149-165. Jan 2003.
A growing body of evidence points to the complexity of sexual
behaviour. HIV risk behaviour is influenced by factors at three
levels: within the person, within the proximal context
(interpersonal relationships and physical and organisational
environment) and within the distal context (culture and structural
factors). This paper presents the findings of a review of research
on the factors promoting and perpetuating unsafe sexual behaviour
in South African youth. Papers included in the review were dated
between 1990 and 2000 and addressed sexual behaviour of youth
between the ages of 14 and 35 years. Both published works and
unpublished reports and dissertations/theses were included. The
review concluded that at least 50% of young people are sexually
active by the age of 16 years; the majority of school students who
had ever experienced sexual intercourse reported at the most one
partner in the previous year, with a persistent minority of
between 1% and 5% of females and 10-25% of males having more than
four partners per year; and between 50% and 60% of sexually active
youth report never using condoms. In terms of explanations for
unsafe sexual behaviour among South African youth, the findings
illustrate the powerful impact of the proximal and distal
contexts, and in particular, the pervasive effect of poverty and
social norms that perpetuate women's subordination within sexual
relationships. Personal factors and the proximal and distal
contexts interact to encourage HIV risk behaviour in ways that are
not fully captured by social-cognitive models. The findings will
be of interest to researchers and practitioners in the fields of
adolescent sexual behaviour and HIV prevention in developing
countries.
 Descriptors: Article Subject Terms Reviews | condoms | decision making | sexual behavior | Article Geographic Terms South Africa
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