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Gene flow in commercial fields of herbicide-resistant canola
(Brassica napus)
Beckie, HJ | Warwick, SI | Nair, H | Seguin-Swartz, G
Ecological Applications [Ecol. Appl.]. Vol. 13, no. 5, pp.
1276-1294. Oct 2003.
Multiple herbicide resistance to glyphosate, glufosinate,
bromoxynil, or imidazolinone in volunteer plants of canola
(Brassica napus) has been attributed to pollen flow among
cultivars with different resistance traits. A study was conducted
in Saskatchewan, Canada, in 1999 and 2000 to assess gene flow in
space and time in adjacent commercial fields of glyphosate- and
glufosinate-resistant canola, including (1) estimation of gene
flow with distance; (2) frequency and distribution of volunteers,
and effect on gene flow; (3) effect of adventitious double
herbicide-resistant seed presence in seedlots planted; and (4) a
comparison of various marker systems to track gene flow events. At
11 sites in 1999, gene flow was determined by sampling seeds from
plants located at 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, or 800 m along a
transect perpendicular to the common border in the paired fields,
spraying seedlings with glyphosate and glufosinate, and confirming
the presence of the transgenes using commercial test strips and
PCR analysis. In the spring of 2000, putative double
herbicide-resistant volunteers that survived sequential herbicide
applications were mapped at three of the sites using GPS and
resistance in sampled plants was characterized. In 1999, gene flow
between the paired fields was detected to a maximum distance of
400 m. Values ranged from 1.4% outcrossing at the border common to
the paired fields to 0.04% at 400 m. In 2000, gene flow as a
result of pollen flow in 1999 was detected to the limits of the
study areas (800 m). Large variation in gene flow levels and
patterns among the three sites was evident. Adventitious presence
of double herbicide-resistant seed in glyphosate-resistant
seedlots planted at two of the sites in 1999 contributed to the
occurrence of double herbicide-resistant volunteers in 2000. The
results of this study suggest that gene stacking in B. napus
canola volunteers in western Canada may be common, and reflects
pollen flow between different herbicide-resistant canola, presence
of double herbicide-resistant off-types in seedlots, and/or
agronomic practices typically employed by Canadian growers.
 Descriptors: Article Subject Terms Commercial species | Gene flow | Herbicides | Article Taxonomic Terms Brassica napus | Article Geographic Terms Canada
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