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Management of fish resources and fishing activities in the
National Park of the Upper Niger.
Camara, KP
African Fishes and Fisheries Diversity and Utilisation. Poissons
et Peches Africains Diversite et Utilisation. p. 363. 1998.
Local fishing practices in the Upper Niger have been in a state of
anarchy during recent years, with the use of fishing equipment
such as small-meshed nets in association with dynamite and various
ichthyological toxins which have cause large-scale destruction of
present fish stocks. Since the establishment of the National Park
of Upper Niger, a strategy of participative management has been
adopted and two landing areas were chosen for official access.
Fishermen are organized in groups under the control of the
authorities but also of the customary overseers DIEFATON. An
on-the-ground survey method was preferred. Forty-five fishermen
took part in the large expedition with 34 pirogues in the buffer
zone. From the point of view of biodiversity, 76 species were
caught on the Niger and on the Mafon, comprising 5 categories: (1)
Species very frequently found: Labeo senegalensis (Cyprinidae),
Brycinus macrolepidotus (Characidae), Tilapia dageti (Cichlidae);
(2) Species found in average frequency: Heterbranchus bidorsalis
(Clariidae), Tylochromis soudanensis (Cichlidae); (3) Relatively
rare species: Heterobranchus longifilis (Clariidae), Polypterus
senegalus (Polypteridae), Camplomormyrus tamandua (Mormyridae);
(4) Rare species: Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (Bagridae),
Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae), Clarias anguillaris
(Clariidae); (5) Disappearing species: Arius gigas (Ariidae),
Citharinops distichodoibes (Citharinidae). Sixteen species were
targeted because of their economic value. The total fishing
capacity has increased considerably in the park, from 20.9 to
66.9kg per day. The fishery's productivity per season is currently
estimated at 102 tonnes. This strategy is in effect, aimed at
protecting and developing fishing resources on a permanent basis
by means of rational and balanced management which takes into
account the need of protecting biodiversity as well as the
aspirations of populations bordering on the water with a view of
optimizing the resources to be utilized. On a short-term basis
certain natural spawning places are protected. On a long-term
basis the fully protected zone will act as a reservoir whose
overflow will be used for fishing in the buffer zone.Original
Abstract: La peche artisanale au Niger Superieur etait des plus
anarchiques, ces dernieres annees, avec l'utilisation des engines
de pech tells que les filets a petites mailles a la dynamite, des
ichtyotoxiques divers qui provoquait la destruction massive des
peuplements piscicoles presents. Avec l'installation du Parc
National du Haut Niger, une strategie de gestion participative fut
adoptee a l'issue de laquelle deux debarcaderes ont ete retenus
comme acces officiels. Les pecheurs organises en groupements sont
soumis a un controle de la part des autorites, mais aussi de la
part des surveillants coutumiers DIEFATON. La methode d'enquete
sur le terrain a ete privilegiee. Quarante cinq pecheurs
effectuent la grande expedition avec 34 pirogues dans la zone
Tampon. Au pont de vue richesse specifique 76 especes sont ete
captures sur le Niger et sur la Mafou, repartees en 5 categories.
(1) Les especes tres frequentes: Labeo senegalensis (Cyprinidae),
Brycinus macrolepidotus (Characidae), Tilapia dageti (Chichlidae).
(2) Les especes a frequence moyenne: Heterobranchus bidorsalis
(Clariidae), Tylochromis soudanensis (Cichlidae). (3) Les especes
relativement rares: Heterobranchu longifilis (Clariidae),
Polypterus senegalus (Polypteridae), Campylomormyrus tamandua
(Mormyridae). (4) Les especes rares: Chrysichtys nigrodigitatus
(Bagridae), Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae), Clarias anguillaris
(Clariidae). (5) Les especes en voie de disparition: Arius gigas
(Ariidae), Citharinops distichodoides (Citharinidae). Seize
especes sont retenues comme principales a cause de leur role
regulateur dans l'ecosysteme et de leur valeur economique. L'unite
d'effort de peche a sensiblement augmente au parc dans l'ordre de
20,9 a 66,9 kilo par jour. La productivite saisonneire de la
pecherie est estimee a 102 tonnes actuellement. En effet cette
strategie vise a proteger et a valoriser les resources halieutique
de facon durable, au moyen d'une gestion rationnelle et
equilibree, qui tient compte des preoccupations de la sauvegard de
la biodiversite, et des aspirations des populations riveraines en
vue d'optimiser le prelevement soutenable. A court terme certains
frayeres naturelles sont protogoes. A long terme, la zone
integralement protogoe servira de reservoir don't le trop plein,
sera peche dans la zone tampon.
 Descriptors: Article Subject Terms Biodiversity | Fishery management | Fishery resources | Protected resources | Resource management | Species diversity | Stocks | Article Taxonomic Terms Arius gigas | Brycinus macrolepidotus | Heterobranchus bidorsalis | Labeo senegalensis | Oreochromis
niloticus | Tilapia dageti | Article Geographic Terms Niger
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